Effective dose 50% (ED50) = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible drug effect. ED50 was estimated from comparative dosing based on reductions in anxiety & related measures and published PET-serotonin transporter EC50 data. Psychotropics are antagonists and so the mid-part of the dose-response curve plateaus, in contrast to adverse events which continue to increase.

Effective dose 50% (ED50) = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible opioid effect, was estimated from published dose response data and based on estimates of analgesic efficacy. Being u-receptor agonists, the mid-part of the dose-response curve is exponential, doses should be increased with care.

Effective dose 50% (ED50) = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible drug effect. ED50 was estimated from published analgesic dose response data (aspirin & paracetamol based on human dose-response data, others on comparative animal work). Being prostaglandin synthetase antagonists, the mid-part of their dose-benefit curve plateaus, and in contrast a wide range of adverse events continue to increase.

Effective dose 50% (ED50) = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible hypoglycaemic effect was based on published dose response data. Being antagonists, the mid-part of the dose-benefit curve plateaus, but in contrast, a wide range of adverse events continue to increase.

Cardiovascular drugs should usually be started around ED50, lower doses are safer and often sufficient, especially in combinations. Effective dose 50%, ED50 = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible drug effect. ED50 was estimated from published dose response data and based on reduction of BP (and with beta-blockers, HR) and thereby hopefully heart failure and other CV outcomes.

Statin dosing can start and is usually sufficient around ED50. Effective dose 50%, ED50 = the mean population dose necessary to achieve half the maximum (Emax) possible HMG CoA reductase inhibition. ED50 was estimated from published systematic reviews with dose response data of reductions in low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and thereby hopefully coronary events.